Who we help

International Tax Attorneys for Cross-Border Compliance and Disputes

FBAR, FATCA, offshore disclosures, and cross-border disputes for U.S. taxpayers with ties abroad.

U.S. tax follows its citizens and residents wherever their money is. Foreign accounts, foreign businesses, and foreign income all carry reporting duties, and the penalties for missing them can dwarf the tax itself.

Whether you have accounts you never reported, a notice about a foreign asset, an interest in a company abroad, or plans to give up citizenship or a green card, the first job is to map the exposure. The second is to choose the path back into compliance that fits the facts, because picking the wrong one can forfeit protections you would otherwise have. Whiteford represents individuals and businesses in cross-border reporting, offshore disclosures, and international tax disputes.

Worldwide income, and the reporting that comes with it

U.S. citizens and residents owe U.S. tax on income earned anywhere in the world. The foreign earned income exclusion and foreign tax credits soften double taxation, but they do not remove the duty to report. Nonresidents are generally taxed only on U.S.-source income and income connected to a U.S. business. The rules that cause the most trouble are the reporting rules, because many taxpayers never knew they applied to them.

Common issues

FBAR and foreign account reporting

U.S. persons must file an FBAR when their foreign financial accounts exceed $10,000 in total at any point in the year. Penalties turn on whether the failure was willful, and willful exposure can be criminal. Because that analysis drives everything, we assess it before choosing a disclosure path.

FATCA and Form 8938

FATCA separately requires many taxpayers to report specified foreign financial assets on Form 8938 with their return once thresholds are met. The two regimes overlap but are not the same: a taxpayer can owe one, both, or neither. We sort out which filings were actually required and address any that were missed.

Coming into compliance: Streamlined and voluntary disclosure

The Streamlined Filing Compliance Procedures suit non-willful failures by taxpayers not already under examination. Where exposure is willful, the IRS Voluntary Disclosure Practice is the route that manages criminal risk. Choosing the wrong program can forfeit protections, so willfulness is assessed first.

Foreign business interests

U.S. owners of controlled foreign corporations can owe current tax on certain foreign earnings, including GILTI, and interests in passive foreign investment companies carry annual reporting and unfavorable default treatment unless elections are made on time. We help owners report correctly and repair prior gaps.

Expatriation and the exit tax

Giving up citizenship or long-term residence triggers the exit tax only for covered expatriates, defined by income tax liability, net worth, or a failure to certify prior compliance. Planning before expatriation decides whether the tax applies and how large it is.

Recommended next steps

  • Do not file anything, including a late FBAR, until the willfulness question has been assessed with counsel.
  • Gather statements for every foreign account and asset for the last six years, including accounts you could sign on but did not own.
  • List every notice you have received from the IRS or a foreign bank, with dates. The sequence matters.
  • If you are considering expatriation, run the covered-expatriate tests before filing Form 8854, not after.

How we help

Frequently asked questions

Do I have to report my foreign bank accounts?
If you are a U.S. person and the combined value of your foreign financial accounts exceeded $10,000 at any time during the year, you generally must file an FBAR, and you may also have a separate Form 8938 obligation under FATCA. The two requirements are related but distinct.
What happens if I didn't file required FBARs?
The penalties depend heavily on whether the failure was willful, with much higher exposure and potential criminal consequences for willful conduct. Because that assessment shapes your options, it should be made with counsel before you file anything.
I didn't know I had to report. Can I fix it?
Often, yes. If your failure to report was non-willful and you are not under examination, the Streamlined Filing Compliance Procedures may allow you to come into compliance with reduced penalties. Taxpayers with willful exposure use the IRS Voluntary Disclosure Practice instead.
I'm a U.S. citizen living abroad. Do I still owe U.S. tax?
Generally yes. U.S. citizens are taxed on worldwide income regardless of where they live, though the foreign earned income exclusion and foreign tax credits can reduce or offset the U.S. tax. The reporting obligations still apply.
Will I owe an exit tax if I give up my citizenship or green card?
Only if you are a “covered expatriate” under the income, net-worth, or compliance-certification tests. Many people are not, and planning before expatriation is what determines the answer.

Where we work

All Whiteford offices where you can meet with an attorney

Maryland

Baltimore

7 St Paul Street
Suite 1500
Baltimore, MD 21202
(410) 498-6815
Maryland

Columbia

8830 Stanford Boulevard
Suite 400
Columbia, MD 21045
(410) 431-1954
Maryland

Ocean City

7408 Coastal Highway
Ocean City, MD 21842
(302) 829-3043
Maryland

Rockville

111 Rockville Pike
Suite 800
Rockville, MD 20850
(410) 347-8730
Maryland

Towson

Towson Commons, Suite 300
One West Pennsylvania Avenue
Towson, MD 21204-5025
(443) 278-2191
Colorado

Denver

2128 West 32nd Avenue
Denver, CO 80211
(720) 419-1296
Delaware

Bethany Beach

26 N. Pennsylvania Avenue
Bethany Beach, DE 19930
(302) 829-3043
Delaware

Rehoboth Beach

18949 Coastal Highway
Rehoboth Beach, DE 19971
(302) 829-3043
Delaware

Wilmington

600 North King Street
Suite 300
Wilmington, DE 19801
(302) 337-5359
District of Columbia

Washington, DC

1717 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
Suite 1300
Washington, DC 20006
(202) 972-6503
Florida

West Palm Beach

222 Lakeview Avenue, Suite 1550
West Palm Beach, FL 33401
(561) 282-9850
Kentucky

Lexington

250 West Main Street, Suite 1800
Lexington, KY 40507
(859) 687-6700
New Jersey

Fairfield

375 Passaic Avenue
Suite 100
Fairfield, NJ 07004
(973) 227-5900
New York

New York

444 Madison Avenue
4th Floor
New York, NY 10022
(646) 618-8660
New York

White Plains

1025 Westchester Avenue, Suite 106
White Plains, NY 10604
(914) 580-9176
North Carolina

Charlotte

4064 Colony Road
Suite 315
Charlotte, NC 28211
(980) 242-5001
Pennsylvania

Pittsburgh

11 Stanwix Street
Suite 1400
Pittsburgh, PA 15222
Virginia

Falls Church

3190 Fairview Park Drive
Suite 800
Falls Church, VA 22042
(703) 280-9260
Virginia

Richmond

Two James Center, 1021 E. Cary Street
Suite 2001
Richmond, VA 23219
(804) 485-1492
Virginia

Roanoke

10 S Jefferson Street
Suite 1110
Roanoke, VA 24011
(540) 759-3560
Virginia

Virginia Beach

249 Central Park Avenue
Suite 300-91
Virginia Beach, VA 23462
(757) 208-9512
Contact Michael March