U.S. tax follows its citizens and residents wherever their money is. Foreign accounts, foreign businesses, and foreign income all carry reporting duties, and the penalties for missing them can dwarf the tax itself.
Whether you have accounts you never reported, a notice about a foreign asset, an interest in a company abroad, or plans to give up citizenship or a green card, the first job is to map the exposure. The second is to choose the path back into compliance that fits the facts, because picking the wrong one can forfeit protections you would otherwise have. Whiteford represents individuals and businesses in cross-border reporting, offshore disclosures, and international tax disputes.
Worldwide income, and the reporting that comes with it
U.S. citizens and residents owe U.S. tax on income earned anywhere in the world. The foreign earned income exclusion and foreign tax credits soften double taxation, but they do not remove the duty to report. Nonresidents are generally taxed only on U.S.-source income and income connected to a U.S. business. The rules that cause the most trouble are the reporting rules, because many taxpayers never knew they applied to them.
Common issues
FBAR and foreign account reporting
U.S. persons must file an FBAR when their foreign financial accounts exceed $10,000 in total at any point in the year. Penalties turn on whether the failure was willful, and willful exposure can be criminal. Because that analysis drives everything, we assess it before choosing a disclosure path.
FATCA and Form 8938
FATCA separately requires many taxpayers to report specified foreign financial assets on Form 8938 with their return once thresholds are met. The two regimes overlap but are not the same: a taxpayer can owe one, both, or neither. We sort out which filings were actually required and address any that were missed.
Coming into compliance: Streamlined and voluntary disclosure
The Streamlined Filing Compliance Procedures suit non-willful failures by taxpayers not already under examination. Where exposure is willful, the IRS Voluntary Disclosure Practice is the route that manages criminal risk. Choosing the wrong program can forfeit protections, so willfulness is assessed first.
Foreign business interests
U.S. owners of controlled foreign corporations can owe current tax on certain foreign earnings, including GILTI, and interests in passive foreign investment companies carry annual reporting and unfavorable default treatment unless elections are made on time. We help owners report correctly and repair prior gaps.
Expatriation and the exit tax
Giving up citizenship or long-term residence triggers the exit tax only for covered expatriates, defined by income tax liability, net worth, or a failure to certify prior compliance. Planning before expatriation decides whether the tax applies and how large it is.
Recommended next steps
- Do not file anything, including a late FBAR, until the willfulness question has been assessed with counsel.
- Gather statements for every foreign account and asset for the last six years, including accounts you could sign on but did not own.
- List every notice you have received from the IRS or a foreign bank, with dates. The sequence matters.
- If you are considering expatriation, run the covered-expatriate tests before filing Form 8854, not after.
How we help
Frequently asked questions
Do I have to report my foreign bank accounts?
What happens if I didn't file required FBARs?
I didn't know I had to report. Can I fix it?
I'm a U.S. citizen living abroad. Do I still owe U.S. tax?
Will I owe an exit tax if I give up my citizenship or green card?
Where we work
All Whiteford offices where you can meet with an attorney
Baltimore
Suite 1500
Baltimore, MD 21202
Columbia
Suite 400
Columbia, MD 21045
Ocean City
Ocean City, MD 21842
Rockville
Suite 800
Rockville, MD 20850
Towson
One West Pennsylvania Avenue
Towson, MD 21204-5025
Denver
Denver, CO 80211
Bethany Beach
Bethany Beach, DE 19930
Rehoboth Beach
Rehoboth Beach, DE 19971
Wilmington
Suite 300
Wilmington, DE 19801
Washington, DC
Suite 1300
Washington, DC 20006
West Palm Beach
West Palm Beach, FL 33401
Lexington
Lexington, KY 40507
Fairfield
Suite 100
Fairfield, NJ 07004
New York
4th Floor
New York, NY 10022
White Plains
White Plains, NY 10604
Charlotte
Suite 315
Charlotte, NC 28211
Pittsburgh
Suite 1400
Pittsburgh, PA 15222
Falls Church
Suite 800
Falls Church, VA 22042
Richmond
Suite 2001
Richmond, VA 23219
Roanoke
Suite 1110
Roanoke, VA 24011
Virginia Beach
Suite 300-91
Virginia Beach, VA 23462
No offices in that state yet. Federal matters are handled from any office.